By UN Journal Lee Kap-soo
The following article was contributed by Eldor Tulyakov, Executive Director, Development Strategy Centre (Uzbekistan), to the UN Journal for publication through the Embassy of Uzbekistan in Seoul. -- Ed.
As Uzbekistan stands on the brink of its 2024 elections, the nation is at a crucial juncture that will shape its future on both domestic and international fronts. These elections, scheduled for October, are not just another democratic exercise; they are a pivotal continuation of the irreversible reforms that began in late 2016. These reforms aim to strengthen the role of Parliament and local councils, ensuring transparency and accountability in governance.
A Political Environment Favoring Openness and Transparency
The upcoming elections are set against a backdrop of enhanced authority and influence for Uzbekistan's Parliament and local representative bodies. This shift is rooted in the amendments to the Constitution, which have introduced a more balanced distribution of powers and additional guarantees of democratic principles. These changes have not only invigorated public interest in parliamentary membership but also made candidacy for representative institutions more appealing, highlighting the crucial role of the public in the political process.
Moreover, the government's commitment to openness and dialogue highlights a vibrant political environment reflected in its increased engagement with citizens through social media and traditional media. This practice is further underscored by Uzbekistan's active foreign policy and growing international stature, signalling a positive transformation in the country's political landscape.
Expanding Parliamentary Powers
The amendments to the Constitution have significantly expanded the powers of Uzbekistan's legislative bodies. The lower house of Parliament, the Legislative Chamber, now holds twelve absolute powers, up from five, while the Senate's powers have increased from fourteen to eighteen. These changes enhance oversight over the executive, judiciary, and law enforcement agencies, eliminating duplications between the two chambers and ensuring a clear division of responsibilities.
One notable change is the Legislative Chamber's enhanced role in overseeing the execution of the state budget and reviewing reports from the Accounting Chamber. This development places crucial financial oversight directly within the purview of the democratically elected lower house. The lower chamber's expanded authority to form the government and exercise control over its actions further strengthens parliamentary oversight and accountability.
Strengthening Local Councils
Local councils, too, have seen a substantial increase in their powers over recent years. The scope of their activities has expanded to include more active participation in decision-making and ensuring the accountability of local state bodies. While previously only a limited number of officials, primarily regional governors, reported to these councils, now over 60 local bodies present nearly 120 issues to the councils for review. This increased responsibility has bolstered the councils' role in ensuring local leaders are accountable.
The decentralization trend is reflected in the substantial increase in the powers of local councils, which have expanded nearly sixfold, from fewer than twenty to over 120. This shift has led to a notable change in how local parliaments handle prosecutors' requests to lift deputies' immunity. A striking example of this change is the rejection of 40 per cent of these requests, a clear demonstration of local councils' growing independence and discretion. This rejection rate was almost negligible in the past, but now it signifies a significant move towards greater autonomy and collective decision-making within these local bodies.
As part of the constitutional reforms, from 2024, council chairs and regional governors will begin operating independently, with this change extending to district and city councils by 2026. This separation of powers at the local level is crucial for strengthening democratic governance and ensuring that local issues are managed effectively by the appropriate authorities.
Fostering a Competitive Political Environment
The empowerment of representative bodies has heightened the appeal of becoming a member of Parliament or a local council. These positions' increased responsibilities and influence have intensified competition among citizens vying for these roles. Additionally, introducing a mixed electoral system has further fueled competition among political parties, prompting them to focus on selecting the most qualified and suitable candidates. This vibrant political environment is a testament to the growing democratic spirit in Uzbekistan.
The diversity of political party candidates reflects an effort to represent the broad spectrum of society, ensuring inclusivity and a wide range of perspectives in the political process. This inclusiveness is essential for building a truly democratic society that serves the interests of all its citizens.
Conclusion: A Path Towards a Stronger Democracy
In conclusion, the comprehensive constitutional reforms are paving the way for a robust Parliament, a cohesive and accountable government, and an independent judiciary—all of which are vital for serving the public interest. By ensuring efficient, transparent, and inclusive governance, the upcoming parliamentary elections are laying the groundwork for constructing a genuine democratic and prosperous society in Uzbekistan.
As Uzbekistan prepares for these pivotal elections, the changes will undoubtedly strengthen the foundation of the nation's democracy and statehood, ensuring that the governance system is responsive, accountable, and reflective of the people's will.
