UNJournal Lee Sung Jun | The President emphasized that the Golden Horde maintained advanced administrative and diplomatic systems, developed extensive relations with major powers across Eurasia, and exerted a lasting influence on the emergence of later states in the region. Its strength, he said, rested not only on territorial scale, but also on effective institutions, discipline, justice, and social cohesion. A major theme of the symposium was the economic and trade dimension of steppe civilization. The Golden Horde controlled key Eurasian trade routes and transformed the steppe into a secure
UNJournal Lee Sung Jun| The history of mankind demonstrates that great civilizations rest upon a synthesis of intellectual achievements, spiritual values and cultural heritage. Since ancient times, Central Asia has served as a pivotal hub of science, art and philosophy, shaping the foundational elements of a civilization that has influenced the entire world. Today, this profound potential is embodied in a monumental project - Center of Islamic Civilization in Tashkent. This institution does not merely preserve historical artifacts; it serves as a living platform for science, education and spir